PREFACE
Vanhu vabva kure kure nemagetsi ari kuwanikwa achishandiswa zvakanyanya se "magetsi" uye "simba remagetsi".Imwe yeanonyanya kushamisa ndeye "makakatanwa enzira" pakati peAC neDC.Iwo ma protagonists maviri emazuva ano nyanzvi, Edison naTesla.Zvisinei, chinonakidza ndechokuti kubva pakuona kwevanhu vatsva uye vatsva muzana remakore rechi21, "nharo" iyi haina kukundwa zvachose kana kurasikirwa.

Kunyangwe parizvino zvese kubva kumagetsi ekugadzira magetsi masisitimu ekufambisa emagetsi ari "alternating current", yakananga iripo kwese kwese mumidziyo yemagetsi nemichina yemagetsi.Kunyanya, "whole-house DC" simba system solution, iyo yakafarirwa nemunhu wese mumakore achangopfuura, inosanganisa IoT engineering tekinoroji uye nehungwaru hwekugadzira kuti ipe vimbiso yakasimba ye "smart home life".Tevedza iyo Kuchaja Musoro Network pazasi kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve iyo yose-imba DC chii.

ZVAKAITIKA SUMO

Direct Current (DC) mumba mese igadziriro yemagetsi inoshandisa yakananga magetsi mudzimba nezvivakwa.Pfungwa ye "yose-imba DC" yakatsanangurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuti kukanganisa kwemaitiro echinyakare AC kwave kuchiwedzera kuoneka uye pfungwa yepasi-kabhoni uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza yakabhadharwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutariswa.

TRADITIONAL AC SYSTEM

Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa system yemagetsi pasi rose ndiyo inochinjana ikozvino system.Iyo alternating current system ndiyo hurongwa hwekufambiswa kwemagetsi uye kugovera kunoshanda zvichienderana nekuchinja kwekufamba kwemazuva ano kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwemagetsi uye magnetic fields.Heano matanho makuru ekuti AC system inoshanda sei:

Jenareta: Nzvimbo yekutanga yesimba remagetsi ndiyo jenareta.Jenareta mudziyo unoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.Nheyo yakakosha ndeyekugadzira induced electromotive simba nekucheka waya dzine inotenderera yemagineti.Mumagetsi emagetsi e AC, majenareta anowirirana anowanzo shandiswa, uye rotor dzawo dzinofambiswa nemagetsi emagetsi (semvura, gasi, chiutsi, nezvimwewo) kugadzira magineti anotenderera.

Alternating current generation: Iyo inotenderera magineti mujenareta inokonzera shanduko muiyo induced electromotive simba mumagetsi conductor, nokudaro ichigadzira alternating current.Iyo frequency yekuchinjisa ikozvino inowanzo 50 Hz kana 60 Hz pasekondi, zvichienderana nemagetsi system zviyero munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Transformer nhanho-kumusoro: Alternating ikozvino inopfuura nepama transformer mumagetsi ekufambisa mitsara.Transformer mudziyo unoshandisa musimboti we electromagnetic induction kushandura voltage yemagetsi pasina kuchinja frequency yayo.Mumagetsi ekufambisa magetsi, high-voltage alternating current iri nyore kufambisa pamusoro pemadaro marefu nokuti inoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekupikisa.

Kutumira uye kugovera: High-voltage alternating current inotapurirwa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemitsara yekutumira, uye inodzika pasi kuburikidza nemagetsi ekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwakasiyana.Maitiro akadaro ekufambisa uye kugovera anobvumira kufambisa kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi pakati pekushandisa kwakasiyana nenzvimbo.

Zvishandiso zve AC Power: Pakupera-mushandisi kumagumo, simba re AC rinopihwa kudzimba, mabhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zveindasitiri.Munzvimbo idzi, kuchinjanisa ikozvino kunoshandiswa kutyaira zvakasiyana siyana zvemidziyo, zvinosanganisira mwenje, maheater emagetsi, mota dzemagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, nezvimwe.

Kazhinji kutaura, masisitimu emagetsi eAC akave akakurumbira mukupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura nekuda kwezvakanaka zvakawanda senge zvakagadzikana uye zvinodzoreka zvinochinjisa masisitimu azvino uye kurasikirwa kwesimba kwakaderera pamitsara.Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, dambudziko remagetsi ekona yemagetsi eAC simba masystem rave rakaoma.Kuvandudzwa kwemasisitimu emagetsi kwakonzera kutevedzana kwemagetsi emagetsi akawanda akadai seanogadziridza (kushandura simba reAC kuita DC simba) uye inverters (kushandura DC simba kuita AC simba).born.Iyo tekinoroji yekudzora yemavharuvhu ekushandura yakapindawo padanho rakajeka, uye kumhanya kwekucheka simba reDC hakuna kushoma pane iyo yeAC circuit breakers.

Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikanganiso zvakawanda zveDC system zvinyangarike zvishoma nezvishoma, uye hwaro hwehunyanzvi hweimba yese DC huripo.

ENVIROMENTALLY HUSHAMWARI UYE YAkaderera-Carbon CONCEPT

Mumakore achangopfuura, nekumuka kwematambudziko emamiriro ekunze epasi rose, kunyanya greenhouse effect, nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwemhoteredzo dzakanyanya kutariswa.Sezvo imba yese DC ichienderana zvirinani nemasisitimu emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa, ine mabhenefiti akatanhamara mukuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kubuda.Saka iri kuwedzera kutariswa.

Uye zvakare, iyo DC sisitimu inogona kuchengetedza yakawanda yezvikamu uye zvigadzirwa nekuda kweiyo "yakananga-kuna-yakananga" yedunhu chimiro, uye zvakare inopindirana zvakanyanya nepfungwa ye "yakaderera-kabhoni uye ine hushamwari".

YESE-HOUSE INTELLIGENCE CONCEPT

Hwaro hwekushandiswa kwe-yose-imba DC ndiko kushandisa uye kusimudzirwa kwehungwaru hweimba yese.Mune mamwe mazwi, kushandiswa kwemukati kweDC masisitimu kwakavakirwa pahuchenjeri, uye inzira yakakosha yekupa simba "whole-house intelligence".

Smart Home inoreva kubatanidza akasiyana midziyo yemumba, midziyo uye masisitimu kuburikidza nehunyanzvi tekinoroji uye nehungwaru masisitimu kuti uwane yepakati kudzora, otomatiki uye yekutarisa kure, nekudaro kuvandudza kureruka, kunyaradza uye nyore kwehupenyu hwepamba.Kuchengetedza uye kushanda nesimba.

FUNDAMENTAL

Misimboti yekushandisa yeazere-imba akangwara masisitimu anosanganisira akawanda akakosha maficha, anosanganisira sensor tekinoroji, smart zvishandiso, network kutaurirana, smart algorithms uye kutonga masisitimu, mushandisi interface, chengetedzo nekuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika, uye software inogadziridza uye kugadzirisa.Zvinhu izvi zvinokurukurwa zvakadzama pazasi.

Sensor Technology

Hwaro hweiyo-yese-imba smart system akasiyana masensa anoshandiswa kutarisa mamiriro epamba munguva chaiyo.Masensa ezvakatipoteredza anosanganisira tembiricha, mwando, chiedza, uye manzwi emhando yemhepo kuti anzwe mamiriro emukati.Motion sensors uye gonhi uye hwindo magineti sensors anoshandiswa kuona kufamba kwevanhu uye musuwo uye hwindo chimiro, ichipa yakakosha data yekuchengetedza uye otomatiki.Masensa eutsi negasi anoshandiswa kutarisa moto nemagasi anokuvadza kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwemba.

Smart Device

Yakasiyana-siyana smart zvishandiso inoumba musimboti weiyo-yose-imba smart system.Smart lighting, midziyo yemumba, kiyi dzemagonhi, uye makamera zvese zvine mabasa anogona kudzorwa kure kuburikidza neInternet.Midziyo iyi yakabatana netiweki yakabatana kuburikidza newaya dzekutaurirana matekinoroji (seWi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee), zvichibvumira vashandisi kudzora nekutarisa midziyo yemumba kuburikidza neInternet chero nguva uye chero kupi.

Telecommunication

Zvishandiso zve-yose-house intelligent system zvakabatanidzwa kuburikidza neInternet kuti zvigadzire yakangwara ecosystem.Tekinoroji yekutaurirana tekinoroji inovimbisa kuti zvishandiso zvinokwanisa kushanda zvisina mutsetse pamwe chete zvichipa kurerukira kweremote control.Kuburikidza nemakore masevhisi, vashandisi vanogona kuwana kure masisitimu epamba kuti vatarise uye vadzore kure mamiriro emudziyo.

Intelligent algorithms uye control system

Uchishandisa hungwaru hwekugadzira uye muchina kudzidza algorithms, iyo yese-imba yakangwara sisitimu inogona kuongorora nehungwaru uye kugadzirisa data rakaunganidzwa nemasensor.Aya maalgorithms anogonesa sisitimu kudzidza maitiro emushandisi, otomatiki kugadzirisa mamiriro ekushanda kwechishandiso, uye kuwana hungwaru hwekuita sarudzo uye kutonga.Kuiswa kwemabasa akarongwa uye kukonzeresa mamiriro anoita kuti sisitimu iite otomatiki mabasa pasi pemamwe mamiriro uye kugadzirisa otomatiki mwero weiyo system.

User Interface

Kuti ubvumire vashandisi kushandisa iyo yose-imba yakangwara sisitimu zviri nyore, kwakasiyana-siyana kwevashandisi vanopihwa, kusanganisira nharembozha, mahwendefa kana komputa interfaces.Kuburikidza neaya mainterfaces, vashandisi vanogona kudzora zviri nyore uye kutarisa zvishandiso zvepamba kure.Uye zvakare, kutonga kwezwi kunobvumira vashandisi kudzora smart zvishandiso kuburikidza nemirairo yezwi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwevabatsiri vezwi.

ZVINOBATSIRA ZVESE-HOUSE DC

Pane zvakawanda zvakanakira kuisa DC masisitimu mudzimba, ayo anogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: kukwirira kwesimba rekufambiswa kwemagetsi, kubatanidzwa kwepamusoro kwesimba rinogoneka, uye kuenderana kwemidziyo yakakwira.

KUSHANDA

Chekutanga pane zvese, mumaseketi emukati, midziyo yemagetsi inoshandiswa kazhinji ine yakaderera voltage, uye DC simba haridi kazhinji shanduko yemagetsi.Kuderedza kushandiswa kwevashanduri kunogona kunyatso kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba.

Kechipiri, kurasikirwa kwewaya nemakondakita panguva yekufambisa kweDC simba kudiki.Nekuti kurasikirwa kwekupokana kweDC hakuchinji negwara rezvino, rinogona kudzorwa uye kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.Izvi zvinoita kuti simba reDC riratidze simba repamusoro-soro mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekufambisa kwemagetsi kure kure uye masisitimu emagetsi emuno.

Chekupedzisira, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, mamwe matsva emagetsi ekushandura uye modulation matekinoroji akaunzwa kuti avandudze kushanda kwesimba reDC masisitimu.Anoshanda emagetsi anoshandura anogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kuwedzera kuwedzera simba rakazara remagetsi DC masisitimu.

RUDZIDZO RINOBATSIRWA ENERGY kubatanidza

Mune iyo yese-imba yakangwara sisitimu, simba rinodzokororwa richaunzwa zvakare uye rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.Izvi hazvigone kungoisa pfungwa yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kushandisa zvizere chimiro uye nzvimbo yeimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekupa simba.Kusiyana neizvi, masisitimu eDC ari nyore kubatanidza nemagetsi anogona kudzokororwa senge simba rezuva uye simba remhepo.

DEVICE COMPATIBILITY

Iyo DC sisitimu inoenderana zvirinani nemidziyo yemagetsi yemukati.Parizvino, michina mizhinji yakaita semarambi e LED, maairconditioner, nezvimwewo ndiwo madhiraivha eDC.Izvi zvinoreva kuti DC magetsi masisitimu ari nyore kuwana hungwaru kutonga uye manejimendi.Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwemagetsi tekinoroji, kushanda kwemidziyo yeDC kunogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya uye nehungwaru kutonga kwesimba kunogona kuwanikwa.

Nzvimbo dzemashandisirwo

Iwo akawanda mabhenefiti eiyo DC sisitimu ichangobva kutaurwa inogona chete kunyatso kuratidzwa mune mamwe chaiwo minda.Idzi nzvimbo inzvimbo yemukati, ndosaka imba yese DC inogona kupenya munzvimbo dzanhasi dzemukati.

ZVIVAKA ZVEKUGARA

Muzvivakwa zvekugara, imba yese DC masisitimu anogona kupa simba rinoshanda kune akawanda maficha emagetsi emagetsi.Masisitimu ekuvhenekesa inzvimbo yakakosha yekushandisa.Masisitimu emwenje e LED anofambiswa neDC anogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba rekushandura uye kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba.

Pamusoro pezvo, simba reDC rinogona kushandiswawo kugonesa midziyo yemagetsi yemumba, yakadai semakomputa, majaja enharembozha, nezvimwewo. Zvishandiso izvi pachazvo midziyo yeDC isina mamwe matanho ekushandura simba.

COMMERCIAL BUILDING

Mahofisi uye zvivakwa zvekutengesa muzvivakwa zvekutengesa zvinogona zvakare kubatsirwa kubva kune yakazara-imba DC masisitimu.DC magetsi emidziyo yehofisi uye masisitimu ekuvhenekesa anobatsira kuvandudza simba remagetsi uye kuderedza kutambisa simba.

Zvimwe zvekushandisa zvekutengesa nemidziyo, kunyanya izvo zvinoda DC simba, zvinogonawo kushanda zvakanyanya, nekudaro zvichivandudza kugona kwesimba kwezvivakwa zvekutengesa.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Mumunda wemaindasitiri, imba yese DC masisitimu anogona kuiswa kune yekugadzira mitsara michina uye emagetsi mashopu.Mimwe michina yemaindasitiri inoshandisa DC simba.Kushandisa DC simba kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba uye kuderedza kutambisa simba.Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mukushandiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi uye midziyo yemusangano.

KUCHAJA MHOTARI YEMAGARA UYE SIMBA ROKUCHENGESHA SYSTEMS

Mundima yekufambisa, DC magetsi masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kubhadharisa mota dzemagetsi kuti ivandudze kuchaja.Pamusoro pezvo, imba yese DC masisitimu anogona zvakare kubatanidzwa mumabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba masisitimu kuti ape dzimba dzakasimba dzekuchengetedza simba zvigadziriso uye kuwedzera kuwedzera simba rekushandisa.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS

Mumunda weruzivo tekinoroji uye kutaurirana, nzvimbo dzedhata uye zviteshi zvekutaurirana ndizvo zvakanakira mamiriro ekushandisa kune yakazara-imba DC masisitimu.Sezvo akawanda maturusi nemaseva ari munzvimbo dze data anoshandisa DC simba, DC magetsi masisitimu anobatsira kuvandudza mashandiro eiyo data data rese.Saizvozvo, zviteshi zvekutaurirana nemidziyo zvinogona zvakare kushandisa DC simba kuvandudza simba resimba rehurongwa uye kuderedza kutsamira kune echinyakare masisitimu emagetsi.

YESE-HOUSE DC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Saka imba yese DC system inogadzirwa sei?Muchidimbu, iyo yese-imba DC sisitimu inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: DC magetsi ekugadzira sosi, tributary simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu, DC simba rekugovera system, uye tributary magetsi emagetsi.

DC SIMBA SOURCE

Mune DC system, nzvimbo yekutanga ndiyo DC magetsi sosi.Kusiyana neyechinyakare AC sisitimu, iyo DC magetsi sosi yeimba yese kazhinji haivimbi zvachose pane inverter kushandura AC simba kuita DC simba, asi ichasarudza ekunze simba rinogoneka.Seyo yega kana yekutanga simba rekupa.

Semuenzaniso, dhizaini ye solar panel ichaiswa pamadziro ekunze kwechivako.Chiedza chinozoshandurwa kuita DC simba nemapanera, uye wozochengetwa muDC simba rekugovera sisitimu, kana kuti yakananga kuendeswa kune terminal midziyo yekushandisa;inogonawo kuiswa pamadziro ekunze kwechivako kana kamuri.Vaka diki turbine yemhepo pamusoro uye woishandura kuita yakananga ikozvino.Simba remhepo uye simba rezuva pari zvino ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda magetsi eDC.Panogona kunge paine vamwe mune ramangwana, asi ese anoda vashanduri kuti vashandure kuita DC simba.

DC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Kazhinji kutaura, iyo DC simba rinogadzirwa neDC magetsi masosi harizofambisirwe zvakananga kune terminal michina, asi richachengetwa muDC simba rekuchengetedza system.Kana iyo midziyo inoda magetsi, ikozvino inoburitswa kubva kuDC simba rekuchengetedza system.Ipa simba mumba.

Iyo DC simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu yakaita sedhiza, iyo inogamuchira simba remagetsi rakashandurwa kubva kuDC simba sosi uye rinoramba richiendesa simba remagetsi kune terminal mudziyo.Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti sezvo kufambisa kweDC kuri pakati peDC simba sosi uye DC simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemainverters uye akawanda maturusi, ayo asingangodzikisi mutengo wedunhu dhizaini, asi zvakare inovandudza kugadzikana kwehurongwa. .

Naizvozvo, iyo yese-imba DC simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu iri padyo neDC yekuchaja module yemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi pane yechinyakare "DC yakasanganiswa solar system".

Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, iyo yechinyakare "DC yakasanganiswa solar system" inoda kufambisa ikozvino kune gidhi remagetsi, saka ine mamwe solar inverter modules, nepo "DC yakasanganiswa solar system" ine yakazara-imba DC haidi inverter. uye booster.Transformers uye mamwe madivayiri, yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda uye simba.

DC SIMBA REKUGOVA SYSTEM

Mwoyo weimba yese DC system ndiyo DC yekugovera sisitimu, inoita basa rakakosha mumba, chivakwa kana imwe nzvimbo.Iyi sisitimu ine basa rekugovera simba kubva kune sosi kune akasiyana materminal zvishandiso, kuwana magetsi kune ese eimba.

EFFECT

Kugovera magetsi: Iyo DC simba rekugovera sisitimu ine basa rekugovera simba remagetsi kubva kune simba masosi (senge solar panel, simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu, nezvimwewo) kune akasiyana midziyo yemagetsi mumba, kusanganisira mwenje, midziyo, zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.

Kuvandudza simba resimba: Kuburikidza neDC kugovera magetsi, kurasikirwa kwesimba kunogona kudzikiswa, nekudaro kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba kwese system.Kunyanya kana yakabatanidzwa nemidziyo yeDC uye simba remagetsi rinowanikwazve, simba remagetsi rinogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Inotsigira DC Zvishandiso: Imwe yemakiyi eimba-yakazara DC sisitimu iri kutsigira magetsi emagetsi emidziyo yeDC, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwesimba kwekushandura AC kuita DC.

CONSTITUTE

DC Distribution Panel: DC yekugovera pani chishandiso chakakosha chinogovera simba kubva kune solar panel uye simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu kune akasiyana maseketi uye zvishandiso mumba.Inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita seDC mabreaker uye voltage stabilizer kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzika uye kwakavimbika kugovera kwesimba remagetsi.

Intelligent control system: Kuti uwane hungwaru kutonga uye kutonga kwesimba, yakazara-imba DC masisitimu anowanzo kuve ane hungwaru kutonga masisitimu.Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maficha akadai sekutarisa simba, kuremote control uye otomatiki mamiriro ekugadzirisa mashandiro ehurongwa hwese.

DC Outlets uye Shanduko: Kuti uenderane nemidziyo yeDC, zvitoro uye ma switch ari mumba mako anofanira kugadzirwa ane DC yekubatanidza.Izvi zvinotengeswa uye ma switch anogona kushandiswa neDC powered midziyo uku uchichengetedza kuchengeteka uye nyore.

DC ZVINHU ZVEMAGARA

Kune akawanda emukati meDC magetsi emidziyo zvekuti hazvigoneke kuanyora ese pano, asi anogona kungoiswa zvakaenzana.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, tinoda kutanga tanzwisisa kuti rudzii rwemidziyo inoda simba reAC uye rudzi rwesimba reDC.Kazhinji kutaura, midziyo yemagetsi-yepamusoro inoda mavoltiji akakwira uye ine mota dzakaremerwa.Midziyo yemagetsi yakadaro inofambiswa ne AC, senge mafiriji, echinyakare air conditioners, washing machines, range hoods, etc.

Kune zvakare mimwe midziyo yemagetsi isingade kutyaira mota ine simba guru, uye iwo chaiwo akasanganiswa maseketi anogona kungoshanda ari pakati nepakati uye akaderera voltages, uye kushandisa DC magetsi emagetsi, sematerevhizheni, makomputa, uye tepi rekodha.

Zvechokwadi, musiyano uri pamusoro hauna kunyanya kunzwisisika.Parizvino, midziyo yakawanda-yepamusoro-simba inogona zvakare kuvezwa neDC.Semuyenzaniso, DC inosiyana frequency air conditioners yakaonekwa, ichishandisa DC motors ine zvirinani kunyarara mhedzisiro uye kuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza.Kazhinji kutaura, kiyi yekuti midziyo yemagetsi ndeye AC kana DC zvinoenderana nechimiro chemukati mudziyo.

PRACTICAL Mhosva yeWhole-house DC

Heano mamwe ezviitiko zve "whole house DC" kubva pasirese.Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti nyaya idzi dzakanyanya kuderera-kabhoni uye dzakatipoteredza mhinduro, izvo zvinoratidza kuti chikuru kutyaira che "yose-imba DC" ichiri pfungwa yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye akangwara DC masisitimu achine nzira refu yekuenda. .

Iyo Zero Emission House muSweden

Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone New Energy Building Project

Zhongguancun New Energy Building Project ipurojekiti yekuratidzira inosimudzirwa neChaoyang District Government yeBeijing, China, ine chinangwa chekusimudzira zvivakwa zvakasvibirira uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve.Muchirongwa ichi, zvimwe zvivakwa zvinotora-yese-imba DC masisitimu, ayo akasanganiswa ne solar panel uye simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu kuti aone kupihwa kweDC simba.Kuedza uku kune chinangwa chekudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwechivako uye kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba nekubatanidza simba idzva uye DC magetsi.

Sustainable Energy Residence Project yeDubai Expo 2020, UAE

Pa2020 expo muDubai, mapurojekiti akati wandei airatidza dzimba dzesimba dzakasimba dzichishandisa simba rinowanikwazve uye imba yese DC masisitimu.Mapurojekiti aya ane chinangwa chekuvandudza kushandiswa kwemagetsi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa magetsi ekugadzirisa.

Japan DC Microgrid Experimental Project

MuJapan, mamwe mapurojekiti ekuyedza ma microgrid atanga kutora masystem edzimba dzese dzeDC.Aya masisitimu anofambiswa nemagetsi ezuva nemhepo, asi achiisa DC simba kumidziyo nemidziyo mukati memba.

Iyo Energy Hub House

Chirongwa ichi, mubatanidzwa pakati peLondon South Bank University neUK's National Physical Laboratory, ine chinangwa chekugadzira imba isina simba.Imba inoshandisa magetsi eDC, yakasanganiswa nesolar photovoltaic uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, kuitira kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanaka.

RELEVANT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS

Tekinoroji yehungwaru hweimba yese yakaunzwa kwauri kare.Muchokwadi, tekinoroji inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano eindasitiri.Charging Head Network yakaverenga masangano akakodzera muindasitiri iyi.Pano tichakuzivisa iwe masangano ane hukama ne-yose-imba DC.

CHARGE 

FCA

FCA (Fast Charging Alliance), zita rechiChinese rinonzi "Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association".Guangdong Terminal Inokurumidza Kuchaja Indasitiri Association (inonzi Terminal Inokurumidza Kuchaja Indasitiri Association) yakavambwa muna 2021. Terminal inokurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji isimba rakakosha rinotungamira kushandiswa kwakakura kwechizvarwa chitsva cheindasitiri yeruzivo rwemagetsi (kusanganisira 5G nehungwaru hwekunyepedzera. ).Pasi pekusimudzira kwepasirese maitiro ekusarerekera kabhoni, terminal yekuchaja nekukurumidza inobatsira kudzikisa tsvina yemagetsi uye kupera simba uye kuwana girinhi kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.uye kusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri, kuunza yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika yekuchaja chiitiko kumazana emamiriyoni evatengi.

Kuti ikurumidze kumisa uye kusimudzira maindasitiri eterminal yekuchaja tekinoroji, Academy yeRuzivo neTekinoroji yeTekinoroji, Huawei, OPPO, vivo, uye Xiaomi vakatungamira mukutanga mubatanidzwa nemapato ese ari muterminal yekuchaja indasitiri cheni senge. michina yemukati yakazara, machipisi, zviridzwa, majaja, uye zvishongedzo.Gadziriro dzichatanga kutanga kwa 2021. Kugadzwa kwesangano kuchabatsira kuvaka nharaunda yezvido muindasitiri yeketani, kugadzira hwaro hwemaindasitiri hwekupedzisira kuchaja dhizaini, kutsvagisa nekusimudzira, kugadzira, kuyedza, uye chitupa, kufambisa kusimudzira kwepakati. zvinhu zvemagetsi, machipisi epamusoro-soro, zvinhu zvinokosha zvinokosha uye mamwe minda, uye kuedza kuvaka nzvimbo dzepasi rose Kuaihong zvikwata zvemaindasitiri zvine kukosha kwakakosha.

FCA inonyanya kusimudzira iyo UFCS standard.Iro zita rakazara reUFCS ndere Universal Fast Kuchaja Kutsanangurwa, uye zita rayo reChinese ndiFusion Fast Charging Standard.Ichi chizvarwa chitsva chekubatanidza nekukurumidza kuchaja inotungamirwa neAcademy of Information and Communications Technology, Huawei, OPPO, vivo, Xiaomi, uye kushanda pamwe chete nevakawanda terminal, makambani echip uye indasitiri vanobatana navo seSilicon Power, Rockchip, Lihui Technology, uye Angbao Electronics.protocol.Chibvumirano ichi chine chinangwa chekugadzira zvakasanganiswa zvekuchaja zviyero zvemafoni terminals, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusapindirana kwekuchaja nekukurumidza, uye kugadzira nzvimbo inokurumidza, yakachengeteka uye inoenderana yekuchaja yevashandisi vekupedzisira.

Parizvino, UFCS yakaita musangano wechipiri webvunzo weUFCS, umo "Member Enterprise Compliance Function Pre-Test" uye "Terminal Manufacturer Compatibility Test" dzakapedzwa.Kuburikidza nekuyedza uye nekutsinhanhanisa pfupiso, isu panguva imwe chete tinosanganisa dzidziso uye kudzidzira, tichivavarira kuputsa mamiriro ekukurumidza kuchaja kusaenderana, pamwe chete kusimudzira hutano hwekuchaja kwekupedzisira, uye kushanda nevazhinji vemhando yepamusoro vatengesi uye vanopa masevhisi muindasitiri chain kuti vabatane. kukurudzira kukurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji zviyero.Kufambira mberi kweUFCS indasitiri.

USB-IF

Muna 1994, sangano repasi rose rekumisikidza rakavambwa neIntel neMicrosoft, rinonzi "USB-IF" (zita rizere: USB Implementers Forum), ikambani isingaite purofiti yakavambwa neboka remakambani akagadzira iyo Universal Serial Bus yakatarwa.USB-IF yakavambwa kuti ipe sangano rekutsigira uye foramu yekusimudzira uye kutorwa kweUniversal Serial Bus tekinoroji.Iyo foramu inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemhando yepamusoro inoenderana USB peripherals (midziyo) uye inosimudzira mabhenefiti e USB uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvinopfuura kuteedzera testi.ng.

Tekinoroji yakatangwa ne USB-IF USB parizvino ine akawanda mavhezheni ehunyanzvi hwekutaura.Iyo yazvino vhezheni yehunyanzvi hwekutsanangurwa ndeye USB4 2.0.Muyero wepamusoro weiyi tekinoroji mwero wakawedzerwa kusvika ku80Gbps.Iyo inotora dhizaini nyowani, USB PD inokurumidza kuchaja standard, USB Type-C Interface uye tambo zviyero zvichagadziridzwawo panguva imwe chete.

WPC

Zita rakazara reWPC iWireless Power Consortium, uye zita rayo rechiChinese ndi "Wireless Power Consortium".Yakatangwa muna Zvita 17, 2008. Iri isangano repasi rose rekusimudzira kusimudzira tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya.Kubva muna Chivabvu 2023, WPC ine huwandu hwenhengo mazana matatu neshanu.Nhengo dzeAlliance dzinobatirana nechinangwa chakafanana: kuwana kuenderana kuzere kwemachaja ese asina waya uye mawaya emagetsi kutenderera pasirese.Kuti izvi zviitike, vakagadzira akawanda maratidziro eiyo wireless inokurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji.

Sezvo tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya ichiramba ichishanduka, chiyero chekushandisa chakawedzera kubva kumidziyo inobatwa nemaoko kuenda kunzvimbo dzakawanda nyowani, senge malaptop, mahwendefa, drones, marobhoti, Internet yeMotokari, uye akangwara makicheni asina waya.WPC yakagadzira uye yakachengetedza nhevedzano yezviyero zveakasiyana mawaya ekuchaja maapplication, anosanganisira:

Qi chiyero chemafoni uye zvimwe zvinotakurika nharembozha.

Iyo Ki wireless kitchen standard, yemidziyo yemukicheni, inotsigira kuchaja simba kusvika ku2200W.

Chiedza cheMagetsi Vehicle (LEV) chiyero chinoita kuti ikurumidze, kuchengeteka, kungwara uye zviri nyore kuchaja mota dzemagetsi dzakareruka senge e-mabhasikoro uye scooters kumba uye pakuenda.

Indasitiri isina waya yekuchaja chiyero cheyakachengeteka uye yakareruka isina waya yekufambisa magetsi kubhadharisa marobhoti, AGVs, drones uye mamwe maindasitiri otomatiki muchina.

Ikozvino kune zvinopfuura zviuru zvipfumbamwe zveQi-zvakasimbiswa zvisina waya zvekuchaja zvigadzirwa pamusika.WPC inoongorora kuchengetedzeka, kudyidzana uye kukodzera kwezvigadzirwa kuburikidza netiweki yayo yeakazvimiririra ane mvumo yekuyedza marabhoritari pasi rese.

COMUNICATION

CSA

Iyo Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA) isangano rinogadzira, rinopa zvitupa uye rinosimudzira smart home Matter zviyero.Yakatangira ndiyo Zigbee Alliance yakavambwa muna 2002. Muna Gumiguru 2022, nhamba yenhengo dzekambani yemubatanidzwa ichasvika kupfuura mazana maviri.

CSA inopa zviyero, maturusi uye zvitupa zveIoT innovators kuita kuti Internet yeZvinhu iwanikwe, yakachengeteka uye ishandiswe1.Sangano rakatsaurirwa kutsanangura nekuwedzera ruzivo rweindasitiri uye kukura kwese kwekuchengetedza akanakisa maitiro e cloud computing uye inotevera-chizvarwa dhijitari tekinoroji.CSA-IoT inounza pamwe chete makambani anotungamira epasirese kugadzira uye kusimudzira akajairwa akavhurika zviyero seMatter, Zigbee, IP, nezvimwewo, pamwe nemayero munzvimbo dzakadai sekuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa, kuvanzika kwedata, smart access control nezvimwe.

Zigbee ndeyeIoT yekubatanidza standard yakatangwa neCSA Alliance.Iyo isina waya yekutaurirana protocol yakagadzirirwa Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) uye Internet yezvinhu (IoT) application.Inotora iyo IEEE 802.15.4 yakajairwa, inoshanda mu2.4 GHz frequency band, uye inotarisa pane yakaderera simba rekushandisa, yakaderera kuoma uye pfupi-renji kutaurirana.Yakasimudzirwa neCSA Alliance, iyo protocol yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mudzimba dzakangwara, maindasitiri otomatiki, hutano uye mamwe minda.

Chimwe chezvinangwa zveZigbee dhizaini ndechekutsigira kutaurirana kwakavimbika pakati pehuwandu hukuru hwemidziyo uchichengetedza mashoma ekushandisa simba.Inokodzera michina inoda kumhanya kwenguva yakareba uye ichivimba nesimba rebhatiri, senge sensor node.Iyo protocol ine akasiyana topologies, anosanganisira nyeredzi, mesh uye cluster muti, zvichiita kuti ienderane kune network yehukuru hwakasiyana uye zvinodiwa.

Zigbee zvishandiso zvinogona kugadzira otomatiki kuzvironga network, anochinjika uye anochinjika, uye anogona dynamically kuchinjika kunetiweki topology, sekuwedzera kana kubviswa kwemidziyo.Izvi zvinoita kuti Zigbee ive nyore kuendesa uye kuchengetedza mune inoshanda maapplication.Pakazere, Zigbee, seyakavhurika mwero isina waya yekutaurirana protocol, inopa yakavimbika mhinduro yekubatanidza nekudzora akasiyana maIoT zvishandiso.

Bluetooth SIG

Muna 1996, Nokia, Nokia, Toshiba, IBM neIntel vakaronga kutanga mubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri.Sangano iri raive "Bluetooth Technology Alliance", inonzi "Bluetooth SIG".Ivo vakabatana vakagadzira ipfupi-renji isina waya yekubatanidza tekinoroji.Chikwata chekusimudzira chaitarisira kuti iyi Wireless yekutaurirana tekinoroji inogona kurongeka nekubatanidza basa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri seBluetooth King.Naizvozvo, tekinoroji iyi yakanzi Bluetooth.

Bluetooth (Bluetooth tekinoroji) ipfupi-renji, yakaderera-simba isina waya yekutaurirana mwero, yakakodzera kune akasiyana dhizaini yekubatanidza uye kutumira data, ine nyore pairing, akawanda-poinzi yekubatanidza uye ekutanga kuchengetedza maficha.

Bluetooth (Bluetooth tekinoroji) inogona kupa isina waya yekubatanidza kumidziyo iri mumba uye chikamu chakakosha chewaya yekutaurirana tekinoroji.

SPARKLINK ASSOCIATION

Musi waGunyana 22, 2020, Sparklink Association yakagadzwa zviri pamutemo.Iyo Spark Alliance mubatanidzwa weindasitiri wakazvipira kudyidzana pasi rose.Chinangwa chayo ndechekusimudzira hunyanzvi uye maindasitiri ecology yechizvarwa chitsva cheasina waya pfupi-renji yekutaurirana tekinoroji SparkLink, uye kuita nekukurumidza kuvandudza mamiriro matsva ekushandisa senge mota dzakangwara, dzimba dzakangwara, materminal akangwara uye kugadzira kwakangwara, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa. zveKunyanya kuita zvinodiwa.Parizvino, sangano iri rine nhengo dzinodarika zana nemakumi mana.

Iyo isina waya ipfupi-renji yekutaurirana tekinoroji inosimudzirwa neSparklink Association inonzi SparkLink, uye zita rayo reChinese rinonzi Star Flash.Iwo ehunyanzvi maitiro ndeye ultra-low latency uye Ultra-yakakwirira kuvimbika.Kuvimba ne-ultra-short furemu chimiro, Polar codec uye HARQ retransmission mechanism.SparkLink inogona kuwana latency ye20.833 microseconds uye kuvimbika kwe99.999%.

WI-FI ALLIANCE

Iyo Wi-Fi Alliance isangano repasi rose rinoumbwa nenhamba yemakambani etekinoroji akazvipira kusimudzira nekusimudzira kusimudzira, hunyanzvi uye kusimudzira tekinoroji isina waya.Sangano rakavambwa muna 1999. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuona kuti michina yeWi-Fi inogadzirwa nevagadziri vakasiyana inowirirana, nekudaro ichikurudzira mukurumbira uye kushandiswa kwetambo dzisina waya.

Wi-Fi tekinoroji (Wireless Fidelity) tekinoroji inonyanya kusimudzirwa neWi-Fi Alliance.Seyasina waya yeLAN tekinoroji, inoshandiswa pakufambisa data uye kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo yemagetsi kuburikidza nemasaini asina waya.Inobvumira zvishandiso (zvakadai semakomputa, mafoni, mahwendefa, smart midziyo yemumba, nezvimwewo) kuchinjanisa data mukati mechikamu chidiki pasina kudiwa kwekubatana kwemuviri.

Wi-Fi tekinoroji inoshandisa masaisai eredhiyo kumisikidza kubatana pakati pemidziyo.Ichi chisikwa chisina waya chinobvisa kudiwa kwekubatana kwemuviri, zvichibvumira zvishandiso kuti zvifambe zvakasununguka mukati mechikamu uku uchichengetedza network yekubatanidza.Wi-Fi tekinoroji inoshandisa akasiyana mabhendi ekufambisa data.Mabhendi anonyanya kushandiswa anosanganisira 2.4GHz uye 5GHz.Aya ma frequency mabhendi akakamurwa kuita akawanda chiteshi umo michina inogona kutaurirana.

Iko kumhanya kweWi-Fi tekinoroji kunoenderana neyakajairwa uye frequency bhendi.Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji, kumhanya kweWi-Fi kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pamazana ekutanga e Kbps (kilobits pasekondi) kusvika kune yazvino Gbps yakati wandei (gigabits pasekondi).Yakasiyana Wi-Fi miyero (yakadai se802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, zvichingodaro) inotsigira akasiyana epamusoro ekutapurirana mitengo.Pamusoro pezvo, kutumira kwedata kunodzivirirwa kuburikidza nekunyorera uye kuchengetedza mapuroteni.Pakati pavo, WPA2 (Wi-Fi Yakachengetedzwa Kupinda 2) uye WPA3 ndiwo maitiro akajairika ekuvharidzira anoshandiswa kuchengetedza maWi-Fi network kubva kune kusingatenderwe kuwana uye kuba data.

STANDARDIZATION UYE KUVAKA CODES

Chimhingamupinyi chikuru mukuvandudzika kwedzimba dzese DC masisitimu kushaikwa kwezviyero zvinoenderana nepasi rose uye macode ekuvaka.Masisitimu emagetsi ekuvaka echinyakare anowanzo mhanya pane alternating ikozvino, saka imba yese DC masisitimu anoda seti nyowani yezviyero mukugadzira, kuisa uye kushanda.

Kushaikwa kwekumisikidza kunogona kutungamira mukusawirirana pakati pemasystem akasiyana, kuwedzera kuomarara kwekusarudzwa kwemidziyo uye kutsiva, uye kunogona kukanganisa chiyero chemusika uye mukurumbira.Kushaikwa kwekuchinjika kumakodhi ekuvaka zvakare idambudziko, sezvo indasitiri yekuvaka inowanzoenderana neyakajairwa AC magadzirirwo.Naizvozvo, kuunza imba yese DC system ingada kugadziridzwa uye kutsanangurwa patsva kwemakodhi ekuvaka, izvo zvinotora nguva uye kushanda nesimba.

ECONOMIC COSTS UYE TECHNOLOGY SWITCHING

Kuiswa kweiyo imba yese DC system inogona kusanganisira yakakwira mitengo yekutanga, kusanganisira yakawedzera dhizaini yeDC, bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu, uye DC-yakagadziridzwa midziyo.Aya ekuwedzera mari anogona kunge ari chimwe chezvikonzero nei vatengi vazhinji nevagadziri vezvivakwa vachizeza kutora ese-imba DC masisitimu.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvechinyakare AC midziyo uye zvivakwa zvakakura uye zvakapararira zvekuti kuchinjika kune yakazara-imba DC sisitimu inoda hukuru-hukuru shanduko yetekinoroji, iyo inosanganisira kugadzira patsva marongero emagetsi, kutsiva midziyo, uye kudzidzisa vashandi.Kuchinja uku kunogona kuwedzera mari yekudyara uye mari yevashandi pazvivakwa zviripo uye zvivakwa, zvichidzikamisa mwero weiyo imba yese DC masisitimu anogona kuburitswa.

DEVICE COMPATIBILITY AND MARKET ACCESS

Yese-imba DC masisitimu anofanirwa kuwana kuenderana nemimwe michina pamusika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti midziyo yakasiyana-siyana, mwenje uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvepamba zvinogona kufamba zvakanaka.Parizvino, michina yakawanda pamusika ichiri AC-yakavakirwa, uye kukwidziridzwa kweiyo-yese-imba DC masisitimu kunoda kushandira pamwe nevagadziri uye vatengesi kusimudzira mimwe michina inoenderana neDC kuti ipinde mumusika.

Panewo chido chekushanda nevashambadziri vemagetsi uye magetsi emagetsi kuti vave nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kubatanidza nemagetsi echinyakare.Nyaya dzekuenderana kwemidziyo uye kuwanikwa kwemusika zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwakapararira kweiyo-yese-imba DC masisitimu, ichida kubvumirana kwakawanda uye kubatana muketani yeindasitiri.

SMART UYE SUSTAINABLE

Imwe yeramangwana danho rekusimudzira ye-yose-imba DC masisitimu ndeyekuisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa kungwara uye kusimba.Nekubatanidza akangwara ekudzora masisitimu, yakazara-imba DC masisitimu anogona kunyatso tarisisa uye kutonga mashandisiro emagetsi, achigonesa akagadziridzwa simba rekutonga masimba.Izvi zvinoreva kuti sisitimu inogona kuchinjika kune zvinodiwa zvemumba, mitengo yemagetsi uye kuwanikwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuti riwedzere kushanda kwesimba uye kuderedza mutengo wesimba.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inoenderera mberi yekusimudzira dhizaini ye-yese-imba DC masisitimu inosanganisira kubatanidzwa kweakawanda anovandudzwa simba masosi, anosanganisira simba rezuva, simba remhepo, nezvimwewo, pamwe neakawanda anoshanda ekuchengetedza simba matekinoroji.Izvi zvichabatsira kuvaka yakasvibira, yakangwara uye yakatsiga hurongwa hwemagetsi epamba uye kusimudzira remangwana rekuvandudza kwese-imba DC masisitimu.

STANDARDIZATION UYE INDUSTRIAL COPERATION

Kuti ukurudzire kushandiswa kwakakura kwe-yese-imba DC masisitimu, imwe nzira yekusimudzira ndeyekusimbisa kumira uye kushanda kwemaindasitiri.Kumisikidza zviyero zvepasi rose zvakabatana uye zvakatemwa zvinogona kuderedza dhizaini yehurongwa uye mutengo wekushandisa, kuvandudza kuenderana kwemidziyo, uye nekudaro kukurudzira kuwedzera kwemusika.

Pamusoro pezvo, kubatirana kwemaindasitiri zvakare chinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira kuvandudzwa kweiyo imba yese DC masisitimu.Vatori vechikamu muzvinhu zvese, kusanganisira vavaki, mainjiniya emagetsi, vagadziri vemidziyo uye vatengesi vesimba, vanofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete kuti vagadzire yakazara-cheni yemaindasitiri ecosystem.Izvi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa kuenderana kwechishandiso, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwehurongwa, uye kutyaira tekinoroji innovation.Kuburikidza nekumisikidzwa uye kushandirapamwe kwemaindasitiri, imba yese DC masisitimu anotarisirwa kuve akanyatso kubatanidzwa muzvivakwa zvakajairwa uye masisitimu emagetsi uye kuwana maapplication akafara.

SUMMARY

Yese-imba DC ichiri kubuda simba rekugovera sisitimu iyo, kusiyana neyakajairwa AC masisitimu, inoshandisa DC simba kuchivakwa chose, ichivhara zvese kubva kumwenje kusvika kune zvemagetsi.Yese-imba DC masisitimu anopa mamwe akasiyana mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare masisitimu maererano nekushanda kwesimba, renewable simba rekubatanidza, uye kuenderana kwemidziyo.Kutanga, nekudzikisa matanho anobatanidzwa mukushandurwa kwesimba, yakazara-imba DC masisitimu anogona kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba uye kuderedza kutambisa simba.Chechipiri, simba reDC riri nyore kubatanidza nemidziyo yemagetsi inogona kudzokororwa senge solar panels, ichipa mhinduro yakasimba yezvivakwa.Uye zvakare, kune akawanda maDC zvishandiso, kutora imba-yese DC sisitimu inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba rekushandura uye kuwedzera kushanda uye hupenyu hwemidziyo.

Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dze-yose-house DC masisitimu dzinovhara minda yakawanda, zvinosanganisira zvivakwa zvekugara, zvivakwa zvekutengesa, maindasitiri ekushandisa, renewable simba masisitimu, magetsi ekufambisa, etc. Muzvivakwa zvekugara, imba yese DC masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kunyatso magetsi magetsi uye midziyo. , kuvandudza simba rekushandisa pamba.Muzvivakwa zvekutengesa, magetsi eDC emidziyo yehofisi uye masisitimu ekuvhenekesa anobatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.Muchikamu cheindasitiri, imba yese DC masisitimu anogona kuvandudza kugona kwesimba rekugadzira tambo michina.Pakati pesimba resimba remagetsi, yakazara-imba DC masisitimu ari nyore kubatanidza nemidziyo yakadai sezuva nemhepo simba.Mundima yekufambisa kwemagetsi, DC magetsi ekugovera masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kuchaja mota dzemagetsi kuvandudza kunyatsochaja.Kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzekushandisa idzi kunoratidza kuti imba yese DC masisitimu ichava sarudzo inoshanda uye inoshanda mukuvaka uye masisitimu emagetsi mune ramangwana.

For more information, pls. contact “maria.tian@keliyuanpower.com”.