Dzidza nezvekuvandudzwa kweUL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), uchiwedzera zvinodiwa pakuyedza zvigadzirwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, kunyanya uchishandisa bvunzo dzekupisa neunyoro dzinogara dziripo. Dzidza kuti chii chinonzi surge protector, uye kuti chii chinonzi hunyoro.
Zvidziviriro zveSurge (Zvishandiso Zvinodzivirira Kukwira, SPDs) zvagara zvichionekwa sedziviriro inonyanya kukosha yemidziyo yemagetsi. Zvinogona kudzivirira kuungana kwesimba nekushanduka kwesimba, kuitira kuti michina yakachengetedzwa isakuvadzwe nekuvhunduka kwesimba kamwe kamwe. Chidziviriro cheSurge chinogona kuva mudziyo wakagadzirwa wega, kana kuti chinogona kugadzirwa sechinhu chimwe chete uye kuiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi yesystem yemagetsi.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, ma surge protectors anoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana, asi anogara akakosha zvikuru kana zvasvika pamabasa ekuchengetedza. UL 1449 standard ndiyo inodiwa nevanoita basa remazuva ano pavanenge vachinyorera mukana wekupinda mumusika.
Nekuwedzera kwekuoma kwemidziyo yemagetsi uye kushandiswa kwayo mumaindasitiri akawanda, akadai semwenje yemumugwagwa ye LED, njanji, 5G, photovoltaics uye mota dzemagetsi, kushandiswa nekugadzirwa kwezvidziviriro zve surge kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza, uye mitemo yeindasitiri inofanirwawo kufambirana nenguva uye kugara ichivandudzwa.
Tsanangudzo yeNzvimbo Inonyorova
Ingave iri NFPA 70 yeNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) kana kuti National Electrical Code® (NEC), "nzvimbo ine hunyoro" yakatsanangurwa zvakajeka seinotevera:
Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye hadzina kuzara nemvura kana zvimwe zvinwiwa asi dzine hunyoro huri pakati nepakati.
Zvikuru sei, matende, maveranda akavhurika, uye makamuri epasi kana matura efiriji, nezvimwewo, inzvimbo "dzine hunyoro huri pakati nepakati" mukodhi.
Kana chidziviriro chekukwira (senge varistor) chakaiswa muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira, zvingangodaro nekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakaiswa kana kushandiswa munzvimbo ine hunyoro hunochinja-chinja, uye zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakadaro, chidziviriro chekukwira chinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza munzvimbo yese.
Zvinodiwa pakuongorora mashandiro echigadzirwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro
Mitemo yakawanda inoda kuti zvigadzirwa zvipfuure bvunzo dzakawanda dzekuvimbika kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinoshanda sei panguva yehupenyu hwechigadzirwa, zvakaita sekupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hwakawanda, kupisa kwakanyanya, kudedera uye kudonha kwezvinhu zvekuyedza. Kune bvunzo dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakanyorova dzakaedzwa, bvunzo dzekupisa nguva dzose uye hunyoro dzichashandiswa seongororo huru, kunyanya tembiricha ye85°C/hunyoro ye85% (inozivikanwa se "double 85 test") uye tembiricha ye40°C/93% Hunyoro Musanganiswa wezvikamu zviviri izvi zvema parameter.
Kuedza tembiricha uye hunyoro nguva dzose kunovavarira kukurumidzisa hupenyu hwechigadzirwa kuburikidza nenzira dzekuyedza. Kunogona kunyatsoongorora kugona kwechigadzirwa kurwisa kukwegura, kusanganisira kufunga kana chigadzirwa chacho chine hunhu hwekugara kwenguva refu uye kurasikirwa kushoma munzvimbo yakakosha.
Takaita ongororo yemibvunzo pamusoro peindasitiri, uye mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi vari kuita zvinodiwa pakuongorora tembiricha nehunyoro hwezvidziviriro zvemafungu nezvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukati, asi mwero weUL 1449 panguva iyoyo waisava nechiratidzo chakafanana. Saka, mugadziri anofanira kuita mimwe miedzo yega mushure mekuwana chitupa cheUL 1449; uye kana gwaro rechitupa rechitatu richidikanwa, mukana wekushanda kwataurwa pamusoro apa uchaderedzwa. Uyezve, kana chigadzirwa chemagetsi chikanyorera chitupa cheUL, chichasanganawo nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti gwaro rechitupa rezvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukati zvinonzwa kumanikidzwa haribatanidzwe mubvunzo wekushandisa munzvimbo yakanyorova, uye kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kunodiwa.
Tinonzwisisa zvinodiwa nevatengi uye takatsunga kubatsira vatengi kugadzirisa matambudziko anosangana nawo pakushanda chaiko. UL yakatanga chirongwa chekuvandudza che1449 standard.
Zvinodiwa zvebvunzo zvinoenderana zvakawedzerwa kune chiyero
Mwero weUL 1449 uchangobva kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvekuyedza zvigadzirwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro. Vagadziri vanogona kusarudza kuwedzera bvunzo iyi itsva mubhokisi rekuyedza pavanenge vachinyorera chitupa cheUL.
Sezvambotaurwa, bvunzo yekushandisa nharaunda yakanyorova inonyanya kushandisa bvunzo yekupisa nekunyorova nguva dzose. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangura maitiro ekuyedza kuona kukodzera kweVaristor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) pakushandisa nharaunda yakanyorova:
Mienzaniso yekuedzwa ichatanga yaongororwa kukwegura pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hwepamusoro kwemaawa chiuru, uye ipapo voltage yevaristor yevaristor kana voltage yekupwanyika kwechubhu yekuburitsa gasi ichaenzaniswa kusimbisa kana zvikamu zvekudzivirira surge zvinogona kugara kwenguva yakareba. Munzvimbo ine hunyoro, ichiri kuchengetedza mashandiro ayo epakutanga ekudzivirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2023